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differential steam hammer - translation to russian
строительное дело
паровой молот двойного действия
![Steam hammer manufactured by F. Banning AG in 1929, used by [[Tampella]], located since 1977 at the Murikka Institute in [[Tampere]], [[Finland]] as memorial of iron industry in the city.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Banning steam hammer 2, Murikka.jpg?width=200 "Steam hammer manufactured by F. Banning AG in 1929, used by [[Tampella]], located since 1977 at the Murikka Institute in [[Tampere]], [[Finland]] as memorial of iron industry in the city.")
![Topeka]], [[Kansas]], 1943](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Blacksmith shop, railroad, Topeka.jpg?width=200 "Topeka]], [[Kansas]], 1943")
![[[James Watt]] (1736–1819) described the concept of a steam hammer](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/James Watt by Henry Howard.jpg?width=200 "[[James Watt]] (1736–1819) described the concept of a steam hammer")
![The giant [[Creusot steam hammer]] built in 1877 by [[Schneider et Cie]] in [[Le Creusot]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Le Creusot - Marteau Pilon 5.jpg?width=200 "The giant [[Creusot steam hammer]] built in 1877 by [[Schneider et Cie]] in [[Le Creusot]]")
![Nasmyth & Wilson steam hammer at the [[University of Bolton]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Steam hammer, Bolton University - geograph.org.uk - 1741851.jpg?width=200 "Nasmyth & Wilson steam hammer at the [[University of Bolton]]")
.jpg?width=200 "A single-frame double-acting steam hammer")
['sti:mhæmə]
техника
паровой молот
строительное дело
паровой молот одиночного действия
Definition
Wikipedia
Hydraulic shock (colloquial: water hammer; fluid hammer) is a pressure surge or wave caused when a fluid in motion, usually a liquid but sometimes also a gas is forced to stop or change direction suddenly; a momentum change. This phenomenon commonly occurs when a valve closes suddenly at an end of a pipeline system, and a pressure wave propagates in the pipe.
This pressure wave can cause major problems, from noise and vibration to pipe rupture or collapse. It is possible to reduce the effects of the water hammer pulses with accumulators, expansion tanks, surge tanks, blowoff valves, and other features. The effects can be avoided by ensuring that no valves will close too quickly with significant flow, but there are many situations that can cause the effect.
Rough calculations can be made using the Zhukovsky (Joukowsky) equation, or more accurate ones using the method of characteristics.
